Public Relations Practitioners An Interview I Conducted...

Even though public relations practitioners have developed a poor reputation in journalistic circles due to the perceived bias for their clients, I believe that there are many good public relations personnel who are able to maintain a symbiotic relationship with media professionals. This is evident through an interview I conducted with the Senior Producer of the TODAY Show, Victoria Owens whose job relies heavily on contact with public relations practitioners her job is deciding which information from these sources to use in the show. Ms Owens shared her own opinions about the nature of her and her colleagues’ relationships with public relations practitioners, which in most cases contributes to the success of the show. Further more †¦ has a†¦show more content†¦In fact, even the journalism literature suggests that some 40-50 per cent or more of all the news that’s reported on any given day originated in PR departments† (Parsons, 2008). Hence, Parsonsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ goes on to further elaborate that even though the relationship between journalists and public relations personnel is indeed significant, there are also ethical problems that are naturally evident within that connection. Victoria Owens explained that the relationship between journalists and public relations personnel is extremely significant as news professionals obviously rely on them to give a heads up on stories or really important public information that they might not have heard yet. For example, if the Government MP’s have released a new policy, their public relations representative will forward that information to the producers in order to have their message spread to the public. The reality, in recent times is that a large number of cutbacks in ‘journalistic staff’ throughout the news media, this results in the reliance of third party news sources to provide information that cannot be completed by the journalists on their own (Macnamara, 2009). Jane Johnston, the author of the book Media Relations (2012), wrote, â€Å"These journalists desperately require sources to link up with the corporate, political, social and cultural

A Brief Overview of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade free essay sample

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the largest long-distance coerced movement of people in history and, prior to the mid-nineteenth century, formed the major demographic well-spring for the re-peopling of the Americas following the collapse of the Meridian population. Cumulatively, as late as 1820, nearly four Africans had crossed the Atlantic for every European, and, given the differences in the sex ratios between European and African migrant streams, about four out of every five females that traversed the Atlantic were from Africa.From the late fifteenth century, the Atlantic Ocean, once a formidable barrier that prevented regular interaction between those peoples inhabiting the four continents it touched, became a commercial highway that integrated the histories Of Africa, Europe, and the Americas for the first time. As the above figures suggest, slavery and the slave trade were the linchpins of this process.With the decline of the Meridian population, labor from Africa formed the basis of the exploitation of the gold and agricultural resources of the export sectors of the Americas, with sugar laminations absorbing well over two thirds of slaves carried across the Atlantic by the major European and Euro-American powers. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Overview of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For several centuries slaves were the most important reason for contact between Europeans and Africans.What can explain this extraordinary migration, organized initially on a continent where the institution of slavery had declined or totally disappeared in the centuries prior to Columbian contact, and where, even when it had existed, slavery had never been confined to one group of people? To pose the question differently, why slavery, and why were the slaves carried across the Atlantic exclusively African? The short answer to the first of these two questions is that European expansion to the Americas was to mainly tropical and semi-tropical areas.Several products that were either unknown to Europeans (like tobacco), or occupied a luxury niche in pre-expansion European tastes (like gold or sugar), now fell within the capacity of Europeans to produce more abundantly. But while Europeans could control the production of such exotic goods, it became apparent in the first two centuries af ter Columbian contact that they chose not to supply the labor that would make such output possible.Free European migrants and indentured servants never traveled across the Atlantic in sufficient numbers to meet the labor needs of expanding plantations. Convicts and prisoners the only Europeans who were ever forced to migrate were much fewer in numbers again. Slavery or some form of coerced labor was the only possible option if European consumers were to gain access to more tropical produce and precious metals.

Banking Industry Analysis

Introduction The central bank has emerged to be the greatest financial institution that controls the economy of any country. The Government does rely on the central bank to foresee the economy on its behalf.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Banking Industry Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the crucial roles the central bank plays are supervision of other financial institutions, acting as a banker of other banks, acting as a bank of the government, acting as a lender of last resort, liaising with other international bodies among other functions. The way the central bank cooperates with other international bodies including IMF and World Bank enables it to execute its duties. The recent global financial crisis of 2008 had major implications throughout the world. It proved that the issue of economic crisis is no longer a national issue but a global issue and the whole world should work as a team towards providing a safe market for all countries (Samuelson, 2008). Three bankers, heads of the three great Central Banks The subprime mortgage crisis was partly caused by poor policies. The Federal Reserve is responsible for ensuring stability of prices in the U.S. economy. A key question is why the U.S experienced a volatile market in which a stock market collapsed causing uncertainty in the economy and the world. The collapse of the unshakable Lehman brothers and its subsequent effect on other companies compelled the U.S. government to bailout out bankrupt organizations using a package of $ 750 billion. This taught Americans a lesson after loss of jobs and shares. The economic crisis could have been cushioned if the Federal Reserve had put sufficient measures and restrictions in place especially on interest rates. The chairperson of the Federal Reserve, Mr. Ben Bernanke could partly be held accountable for the decline of the economy global because he was in a position to regulate the f inancial industry (Samuelson, 2008). The European Central Bank bears a great responsibility to the rest of the EU community and the world. The bank controls the European states that use the Euro because it ensures euro partners are protected from inflation hence ensuring stable prices. Interest rates are stabilized while inflation rates are put within permissible rates for the wellbeing of the associate members.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Bank of Japan significantly contributes to the operation of the world economy. Japan is considered to have one of the greatest world economies as it has the greatest technology in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, its central bank policies will have impact on the world economy. Mr. Masaaki Shirakawa would therefore be blamed globally if he comes up with policies that would have negative effects on other economies. The heads of t hese banks are accountable for the performance of the world economy as they make decisions that have global impacts. For instance, the recent G20 meeting unanimously resolved that China should devalue its currency. China had made its goods a bit expensive through appreciation of its currency (Yuan) and since it was a global concern, a mutual understanding had to be made. Generally, economic crisis of 1930s and the worst of 2008 have taught the world that discussions between central banks of great economies are of greater importance to the world economy. The impact that the three people have on the banking industry and the global economy therefore makes them powerful leaders compared to a country’s political leaders (Samuelson, 2008). What made central banks to lower interest rates in 2008/09 recession The reduction of interests by several banks worldwide as recession took place in 2008-2009 was evident that the banks wanted to stimulate their economies through expansionary mo netary policy. Low interest rates attract borrowing that ends up being invested in productive projects that create employment opportunities among other advantages. This has always been a strategy to cushion a country from the shrinking economy. Policy on improving US monetary policy To improve the U.S monetary policy, the Federal Reserve should come up with transparent, complete and timely information for the financial market and public in general. This would ensure that the market is aware of objectives set by the Federal Reserve, implementation and its intended changes in the monetary policy that would have impact on the operation of financial markets in order to avoid such volatility in the financial market (Keleher, 1997). References Keleher, R. (1997). Transparency and Federal Reserve Monetary Policy. Retrieved from: https://www.house.gov/ Samuelson, R. (2008). Economic Triumvirate. Retrieved from: https://www.newsweek.com/newsweek-50-bernanke-trichet-shirakawa-83099Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Banking Industry Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Banking Industry Analysis was written and submitted by user Madison Sargent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Relationship between Literature and Gender in A Room Of One’s Own Essays

Relationship between Literature and Gender in A Room Of One’s Own Essays Relationship between Literature and Gender in A Room Of One’s Own Essay Relationship between Literature and Gender in A Room Of One’s Own Essay Essay Topic: The Glass Castle Ts Eliot Poems How does Woolf understand the relationship between literature, sex and gender in A Room Of One’s Own? The relations between literature and gender are historically complicated with issues of economic and social discrimination. Woman’s writing is still a relatively new area, and Woolf examines how their creativity has been hampered by poverty and oppression. Women have not produced great works like those of Shakespeare, Milton and Coleridge, and she sees this as a result not only of the degrading effects of patriarchy on the mind but of the relative poverty of the female sex. A woman ‘must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction. ’ Men have historically fed money back into the systems that keep them in power, and made it legally impossible for a woman to have her own money. The narrator’s two meals at ‘Oxbridge’ illustrate the institutional sexism in the education system, with the poorer woman’s college providing a mediocre meal compared to the one at the men’s. Furthermore, a woman’s traditional role as a child bearer leaves no time to earn; and without such independence, women are shut up in the houses of their husbands or fathers without the privacy needed to write without interruptions. Woolf demonstrates such interruptions within the text as the narrator’s thoughts are often hindered; she has an idea which is ‘exciting and important’ which is forgotten as ‘the figure of a man rose up to intercept me. ’ She is forbidden to enter the library, a strong symbol of the denial of education and knowledge to women. In considering the extent and effect of these inequalities, she discovers that she has been thinking not objectively but with anger. Although ‘one does not like to be told that one is naturally the inferior of a little man,’ she is aware that anger disrupts what should be a clear and rational mind. However, it appears that the men in power, the ‘professors,’ are also angry. They insist quite aggressively upon the inferiority of woman, but Woolf believes that the professor is in fact ‘not concerned with their inferiority, but with his own superiority. Without confidence we are but ‘babes in the cradle,’ and the quickest way to gain this invaluable quality is simply by ‘thinking that other people are inferior to oneself. ’ Thus the narrator see’s the professor’s degradation of woman as a ‘looking glass’ effect, with a woman serving to reflect the figure of a man ‘at twice his natural size. â€⠄¢ With her five hundred pounds a year, the narrator has a personal and creative freedom which allows her to be detached and objective. While woman in fiction tend to be of ‘utmost importance,’ in real life they are ‘completely insignificant. In order to believe in himself the patriarch must not have his power challenged; and this accounts for the wider societal hostility towards the woman writer. Like Currer Bell and Mary Shelly, women are forced into anonymity by the sense of chastity dictated to them. For society met the woman writer, unlike the male, not with ‘indifference but hostility. ’ Such brutal hostility is indeed why it would be near impossible for a sixteenth century woman to write the works of Shakespeare. Woolf uses a hypothetical example of a fictional sister of Shakespeare, Judith, to illustrate this. She has the same gift as her bother, but she wouldn’t have been send to school. She would have been told to mend stockings when caught reading; she would have to hide her work. To escape a forced marriage, Judith would run away, and at the stage door when she said she wanted to act, as her brother had, ‘men laughed in her face. ’ Alone and now an outcast, she would have inevitably ended up with child, a broken chastity which severed completely her from the wider world. Driven to madness and then suicide, she would die in obscurity. Indeed society’s outcasts are often such women, who, suffering with their gift, are taken to near madness as that figure of a man always rises to intercept them. The tales of those who are on the fringes of society are of ‘witches;’ perhaps suppressed poets and novelists who were ‘crazed with the torture’ that their gift had caused them. A sixteenth century woman with Shakespeare’s gift would have ‘ended her days in some lonely cottage outside the village, half witch, half wizard, feared and mocked at. Such women are so far from the normal expectations of femininity that they are stripped of humanity and made unnatural half male and female, ‘witch and wizard. ’ With the ‘enormous body of masculine opinion’ against her intellectual capabilities, a woman would have her mind ‘strained and her vitality lowered. ’ While Shakespeare’s mind was ‘incandescent,’ allowing intellectual freed om and genius, a woman’s mind will be like of Lady Winchilsea; ‘harassed and distracted with hates and grievances. ’ Lady Winchilsea suffered from these hates and her poems show it. Her feelings seem inevitable given the ‘sneers and the laughter’ that a woman writer would experience. Duchess Margaret of Newcastle was certainly called mad, her untutored intelligence running out in ‘torrents of rhyme and prose,’ her wits ‘turned with solitude and freedom. ’ For Judith, ‘had she survived, whatever she had written would have been twisted and deformed, issuing from a strained and morbid imagination. ’ And it would have been deemed insignificant. The narrator asserts that the values of woman often differ from the values of men and ‘yet is it the masculine values that prevail. This is invariably transferred from life to fiction, and if the writer is to explore their world, then the feelings of woman in a drawing room make for an insignificant book, not as valuable as a book about war. In order to write War and Peace, Tolstoi’s many and varied experiences of the world were invaluable, and he could not have written is if he had lived in the seclusion of Eliot or the Bronte’s. This is why Austen writes with so much integrity, simply using her many observations of the common sitting room, where ‘personal relations were always before her eyes. Anger interferes with the integrity of Charlotte Bronte, and the narrator believes that we ‘constantly feel an acidity which is a result of oppression,’ in her writing. More importantly however, like other woman novelists she is distracted and changed by patriarchal criticism. The female novelist ended up ‘thinking of something other then the thing in itself,’ by ‘admitting that she was ‘only a woman’ or protesting that she was ‘as good as a man. ’ The criticism makes them acutely aware of their gender, with the following anger causing them to write about themselves, not their subjects. Austen and Emily Bronte did not alter their values ‘in deference to the opinions of others. ’ They have lasted because they wrote ‘as woman write, not as men write. ’ The man’s sentence, though perfect for Johnson and Dickens, is ‘unsuited for a woman’s use,’ and Austen adapted it to what felt natural for her. The shape of a novel is also built by men, but while other forms of literature were hardened and set in a male dominated literary tradition the novel was ‘young enough to be soft in her hands. Women wrote novels because they were adapted to their needs, and ‘framed so that they do not need long hours of steady and uninterrupted work. ’ The nineteen year old Mary Shelly was a silent listener amongst her husband’s intellectual circle. Self educated, she wrote Frankenstein which was published in 1818, however many believed it to be her husbands work as a young girl could surly not write such a dark stor y. John Wilson Crokers review said the author could be as mad as his hero. Her protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, locks himself in seclusion to create. His creation, like Shelly’s novel, is in itself a hideous progeny, a name she gave to her own novel which seemed at the time to be so unfeminine’ as to be monstrous. But for or the female novelist expressing values thought of as just feminine and thus so far unexplored by the great male writers, ‘so much as been left out, unatempted’ Mary Cavendish’s Life’s Adventure begins to tentatively express the relationship between two female characters, whereas such relations are expressed by male writers ‘are too simple,’ such as Cleopatra’s simple jealously towards Octavia in Anthony and Cleopatra. For fictitious woman are shown ‘almost without exception’ just in their relation to men, which narrator points out that that is but a small part of a women’s life. Men cannot give an interesting or truthful account about the other sex who are just ‘married against their will, kept in one room, and to one occupation. ’ Therefore the ‘only possible interpreter’ is love, forcing the dramatist to view woman in the lover’s extremes of passion or bitterness. This explains the antithetical nature of woman in fiction and the few parts they play. Nevertheless, women are by far the most popular topic among male writers, and in their daily lives they sought out female company. For only a woman, the narrator believes, can show ‘some different order and system of life, and the contrast between this world and his own. ’ The natural differences would ensure that the ‘dried ideas in him would be fertilized anew. ’ It is women that renew male creative power, and so ‘every Johnson has this Thrale, and holds her fast. A woman’s own creative power ‘differs greatly from the creative power of men,’ and these differences should be nurtured as woman have the ability to see what the man cannot; himself. The narrator describes a ‘spot the size of a shilling at the back of the head which one can never see for oneself, and thus ‘a true picture of man as a whole can never be painted until a woman has describes that spot. ’ Frankenstein’s monster, though an outcast, is self educated and intelligent. However the values of the outside world dictate that his body is monstrous and he can never be accepted; one feels perhaps the anger and segregation of patriarchy, the chip in Shelly’s shoulder. And yet he shows Frankenstein to himself in resembling the darkness of his creator. The monster is a subversion of nature, not only because of his reanimated corpses limbs but because he is the child of just one parent; a father. The difference of sex should be embraced within the creative process, as ‘a mind that is purely masculine cannot create, any more then a mind that is purely feminine. Not to think specially or separately of sex is to write with an androgynous mind which is truly clear. When the narrator reads a man’s work she finds it somewhat blocked, for in asserting his own superiority he is not only ‘inhibited and self conscious’ but writing with just the male side of his brain, with a mind ‘separated into different chambers. ’ Woman not only find such books dull in their perpetual emphasis on male values, but inaccessible. Thus the perfect state in which to create is in which some ‘marriage of opposites’ has been consummated. The narrator suggests that the men of Italy working to develop fiction in the Fascist era can only produce a ‘horrid little abortion,’ with an unnatural birth in a kind of ‘incubator. ’ One is again reminded of Frankenstein’s monster which, like Fascist’s poetry, will ‘never live long,’ for ‘poetry ought to have a mother as well as a father. ’ It is therefore ‘fatal’ for a writer think of their sex. Shelly herself creates a man who unnaturally gives birth;’ thus his creation is an ‘abortion, and for it he loses his humanity. She was clearly aware of the dangerous and alienating effects of creativity. Frankenstein looks at his creation as his inferior, stressing the monsters inhumanity in an attempt to bring back his own fading humanity. The monster, who show’s him for the thoughtless creator he is, becomes a terrible looking glass. Frankenstein sees the sleeping monster as beautiful in sleep, yet horrific in waking, an antithesis which mirrors the patriarchs. An outcast, a monster, is a woman with a gift, and thus her work is ‘disfigured and deformed. Whether Shelly’s monstrous progeny is an example of this or she reflects patriarchal attitudes in the segregation of the monster, she is nevertheless an example of one who does not ‘sacrifice’ a vision for others; she writes as she wishes to write. Woolf hopes that others will take this further and acknowledge that ‘our relation is to the world of reality and not to the world of men and woman. ’ But before there can be complete integrity and equality within literature, all writers must have ‘money, and a room of ones own. ’

Animal Abuse Regarding Puppy Mills Research Paper

Animal Abuse Regarding Puppy Mills - Research Paper Example Animal abuse, which is commonly referred to as cruelty to animals, is the act of mistreating animals for example by inflicting pain or subjecting them to poor living conditions and expecting financial returns from them. An animal is an organism which must be treated with dignity and cared for in all ways possible not just as a right but also to enhance their productivity in terms of quality and quantity (Pacelle 97). For example, one may be wrong to assume that a cow which is not taken care of in terms of feeding and medication is capable of producing the right quality or quantity of milk and meat as it would be evident in those that are facilitated with such implements. The animal must be availed with the right living conditions such as space, hygiene among others, which would presumably make it feel comfortable. In this respect, it would be important to note that the essay is concentrating most on those animals that are under direct care of humans, such as pets and specifically pup pies in puppy mills. A puppy mill is a terminology used to refer to a facility, which is involved in the business of producing and rearing dogs, for the purposes of selling them to customers interested in pets, with the sole intention of making profits. Statistics indicate that there are approximately 4000 puppy mills in the US, which are said to be producing more than 40000 puppies every month, translating to more than 500000 puppies on yearly basis (Wrede 36). This business capitalizes much on the notable love that Americans in general have for pets, which creates a sustainable market and demand for puppies.   Animal rights abuse has continued to exist over a long period of time despite the efforts being made by individuals and organizations to curb this. In puppy mills for example, the greed for money has been a major problem as it has totally compromised the welfare of animals in those facilities, which have continued to grow in number in the US. The rights to life and freedom from exploitation am ong others do not exist in these facilities as dogs are killed at will while their living conditions are in a total mess. Breeders are not allowed to bond with their offspring as they are separated at an early age of 5 weeks thus disregarding the fact that these animals have feelings. Some justify these actions by asserting that animals do not possess the capacity to think or carry out responsibilities but so do those humans who are incapacitated.

Critical challenges faced by automobile industry Essay

Critical challenges faced by automobile industry - Essay Example Alternative fuels will also play a big part in increasing the market share in the near future. The present low cost of oil will not be permanent and the public is poised to demand more environmentally friendly automobiles. Electric cars and lithium ion batteries will be a major contributor to this demand. This will create a new market as people are given an incentive to trade up to the newest technology available. However, among the bright spots in the industry are some substantial warning signs. The large number of employees has made employee safety an issue and could be a significant added labor expense in the coming years, which will severely limit profitability. In addition, product safety groups will continue to lobby for safer vehicles that could add additional costs to manufacturing. Finally, the economic health of the Big Three is an unknown factor and will remain so until the US Congress acts and the automakers make concrete plans for their future viability. The industry must be prepared to offer a vehicle that the consumer wants to purchase. This is a considerable obstacle and any action regarding investments must consider this major drawback.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein we are presented with more than just a story (which is how it began) but with a novel that raises deep philosophical questions. The tale of Frankenstein is much more than just a story; it is a cautionary tale which pays attention to moral values by presenting the reader with the character of Frankenstein and his toils. Mary Shelley is able to present us with more than just a horrific story but also with the moral ideas which form its fundamental basis. There are a variety of themes which run through the story of Frankenstein with the theme of friendship, nature, and most importantly responsibility. Victor Frankenstein was obsessed with creating life itself out of nonliving parts. This is shown where he refers to himself in third person saying, â€Å"So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein—more, far more, will I achieve; treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation† (Shelly 49). Victor is so concentrated on the glory of being able to create a being from dead parts that he becomes consumed in his work and never even considers the affect this could have on society. He completely disregards this affect making this the first responsibility that Frankenstein failed to complete. He searched graveyards for material to fashion a new being, which he shocks into life with electricity. Although his creature was extremely big and being made from many different parts quickly combined together into a being was hideous. Once he had created this monster he states, â€Å"now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room and continued a long time traversing my bed-chamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep†(Shelly 58). Frankenstein took no responsibility over his hideous creation here and instead decides to flee from the room in terror and leave the monster. This shows that he wants no part of what he created at this point so he is trying to escape the responsibility of creating the monster. Although inside he kno ws that he created the monster and anything the monster does will be on Frankenstein’s conscious. This leads to new events in the story that he feels responsible for. Frankenstein felt responsible for his younger brothers death when he realized that the monster he created murdered William. Frankenstein started to feel as if he himself had committed the murder because of his role in the monsters existence. Everything the monster did was Frankensteins fault because he was the creator. Rather than blame the monster for his downfall, Frankenstein blamed himself because he created the monsters life. He did not take actual responsibility for his brother’s death however because he did not want anyone to know about the monster. Frankenstein felt as if he murdered Justine as well as William because she was executed for a crime the monster committed of murdering William. If Frankenstein would have taken responsibility for his actions of creating the monster and told people what actually happened to his brother then Justine would not have been killed for a crime she did not commit. The chain of events that the monster set off with Williams murder began not with the monster, but with Frankensteins desire to create life. When the monster came to Frankenstein to plead his case and tell his story, Frankenstein realized that he had some obligation to the monster because he created it, in the same way that he bore responsibility for the monsters actions. Frankenstein was no longer simply responsible to humanity for the monsters actions, but he was also responsible to the monster for his happiness. Being the creator of a life was more responsibility than Frankenstein planned for when he was so eager to create the monster. The monster called upon Frankenstein to fulfill his obligation of providing for his happiness by creating a female companion to keep him company. Out of his sense of obligation to his creation and out of fear for his family (which the monster threatened to harm if Victor did not make a companion), Frankenstein agreed to make the female monster. His responsibility to his creation carried greater weight than the idea of his responsibility to humanity for the actions of the original monster and the new one he agreed to create. He hadnt yet realized the full weight of responsibility he would bear for the actions of both monsters. Before Frankenstein could marry Elizabeth, he had to complete his obligation to the monster so that he could be completely rid of him and the responsibility for his actions. As a result, Frankenstein postponed the wedding and took a trip to England to work without the danger of being discovered by his family because he had still not told anyone about the monster that he created and actually to responsibility for its actions. His obligation to the monster was not only to ensure the monsters happiness, which Frankenstein felt obliged to do as the monsters creator, but also as a way to protect his family from the monsters vengeance. Before he completed the female monster, Frankenstein realized the weight of responsibility he would bear if together the two monsters destroyed any other human life or reproduced, and the thought was just too much to bear. Rather than deal with the responsibility for two hideous, superhuman creatures, Frankenstein would rather deal with the wrath of one, so he destroyed his work on the female monster. This kept him free from the enormous feeling of responsibility of any actions of the two monsters. Frankenstein was responsible for Henrys death at the hands of the monster, and this grief rendered him ill for a long time. Frankenstein is once again in the position he found himself with William and Justines deaths. He didnt murder Henry, but his friendship with Frankenstein made Henry susceptible to the monsters wrath because he used Henry to get back at Frankenstein. Although the Irish magistrate acquitted him, Frankenstein knew that he was responsible for Henrys death because he had d efied the monsters wishes and the monster repaid him by killing his friend. The monster then did exactly as it said it would if Frankenstein did not create a companion for it and went to kill his fiancà ©e Elizabeth. Frankenstein, feeling responsible for Elizabeths death as well, vowed vengeance on the monster. The only way to absolve his responsibility for the monsters actions was to kill him, so thats what Frankenstein set out to do. He was responsible for the monsters creation and its actions, and he planned to be responsible for the monsters destruction as well which would free his mind from any new struggles. Frankenstein has already lost all of the friends that he was close with and really lost everything he has dreamed of at the hands of the monster. He believes without his friendships he has nothing to live for except the destruction of the monster. Friendship is important throughout the novel because it is the goal of Walton, the narrator, as well as the monster Frankenstein created. Loneliness and isolation are major conflicts throughout â€Å"Fr ankenstein†, and in this novel they motivate the monster to turn to destruction. The first sight of the theme of friendship we see is how Walton longs for a friend to share his excitement over the voyage to the North Pole. He is separated from his sister, whom he may never see again, and he has no one to buoy his courage or steady his heady excitement. Walton writes, â€Å"I have no friend, Margaret: when I am glowing with the enthusiasm of success, there will be none to participate my joy; if I am assailed by disappointment, no one will endeavor to sustain me in dejection†(Shelly 19). Friendless in the cold, white blankness of Archangel, and preparing to sail into the vast and unknown frozen arctic, seems a desolate situation for Walton. He feels the need of someone of his same intelligence that he can share his thoughts with so that the friend could keep Walton positive when he feels as though failure on his journey is near. Without a friend Walton is just a lonely being among others that cannot sustain his need for a friend to help him find a bit of lig ht in the dark days of his voyage to sooth his soul. â€Å"Frankenstein† also uses Natural beauty as well as friendship for a soothing influence on the characters of the novel and it is an important part of the Romantic influence. This appreciation of beauty in a novel so filled with brutality seems an odd contrast, but it is part of what makes this story a Romantic piece. On Frankenstein’s trip back home he was anxious about the changes in his homeland since he had been away for six years, so he spent a few days resting in a small town and letting the landscape of his country ease his worry. â€Å"I remained two days at Lausanne, in this painful state of mind. I contemplated the lake: the waters were placid: all around was calm; and the snowy mountains, ‘the palaces of nature’, were not changed. By degrees the calm and heavenly scene restored me, and I continued my journey toward Geneva† (Shelly 76). The familiar landscapes, which seemed timeless when compared to the span of human life, calmed his worries. Nature makes us feel small and unimportant because we last such a short time in comparison to the mountains, rivers, and trees around us, so whatever we are experiencing must be miniscule as well. Gazing at the calm and relaxing place is helpful to ease the mind of struggles and to calm the mind. In conclusion, the theme of responsibility proves to be the most important in the novel â€Å"Frankenstein†. Although Frankenstein himself does not take responsibility over his action of creating the monster until it has destroyed almost everything he loved. If he had taken this responsibility from the beginning he could have avoided the tragedies that brought him into a depression. The only things that could help him through this terrible time would be friendships or nature. The fact that he lost all of his friendships through the destruction of the monster that he had not taken responsibility for led Frankenstein to have to find peace within nature. Works Cited Shelly, Mary W. Frankenstein. London: Penguin Group, 1992. Print.