Leadership and Use of Motivation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership and Use of Motivation - Term Paper typesetters caseRewards, punishments, better prepare environment, opportunity for growth or further learning and so onare some of the motivate factors of the employees. Leaders should identify these factors easy and use it judiciously to motivate the employees positively. This paper analyses leadership and use of want by leaders. Leadership and use of motivation According to Dr. Northouse (2009), Leadership is a process by which an several(prenominal) influence a group of individuals to bring home the bacon a common goal (Dr. Northouse, 2009, p.3). On the other hand, Gould & Voelker, (2010) define leadership as a complex process that involves the effort of an individual to help groups identify and achieve personal and group goals (Gould & Voelker, 2010, p.2). It is easy for people to become leaders but it is difficult to become efficacious leaders. Leadership is a complex task which requires specific skills such as decision maki ng, problems solving, planning etc. However, the most important characteristic of effective leadership is the ability to motivate the subordinates. Leaders use different strategies to motivate subordinates and to derive the maximum out of them. According to psychology today Motivation is literally the appetency to do things (Psychology today, 2011). In fact motivation is a force which destroys the employee inertia to stay in their sluggish stage. It helps employees to break their idleness and to work more enthusiastically. Motivation can be classified into two categories native and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation compulsive by inherent characteristics whereas extrinsic motivation is the motivation motorn by external factors. Effective leaders will use strategies necessary to motivate subordinates both as such and extrinsically. One of the popular motivation speculation used by leaders is Theory of X and theory of Y. This theory emphasizes the different attit udes of people towards their duties and responsibilities. Theory X says that generally human being has an inherent hate towards work. Because of this inherent dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened so as to induce them to put forth enough effort so as to meet their goals and get their work done (Furst, 2009). Rewards and punishments are some of the strategies used by leaders to motivate people in the X category. On the other hand people in Y category believe that work is rude(a) just like play or rest. Leaders can motivate such people good since their attitude towards work is positive. The needs of the people are different because of the different environment in which they live. rough people may have enough financial abilities and they may like recognition more than anything else in their professional life. On the other hand some others may not have enough financial abilities and such people may like financial rewards more than anythin g else. Work atmosphere is another candidate which motivates the employees. Nobody wants to work in a impertinent atmosphere. Everybody wants to work under a peaceful atmosphere. blush if the organization provides, better salaries, such people may not like the organization if it provides a hostile or aggressive work environment. Leaders should be capable enough to realize all these things well and to use their motivation strategies judiciously. In short, it is the duty of the leaders to realize what motivate a particular subordinate. The drive to acquire is an inherent need for majority of the humans. It is difficult to see an

INTERNAL MARKET LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INTERNAL MARKET LAW - Essay ExampleIt is done by having Member States agree to common economic policies surrounding the movement of the factors of economy.This is a good thing, since Member States willing have increased movement for their products. However, it also means that such environments atomic number 18 highly competitive, and a haul of companies can suffer great loss if they cannot keep up with the challenges of the competition. It is also very difficult to take a shit a monopoly, and that is a good thing, because the consumers get the best value for the products at lower cost because a lot of companies compete to get the attention of the consumers, rather than having just one comp both dictating the price for utmost profit and having no choice for the customers of which products to use.Products and services are also given the chance to reach the places where they are most valued, without additional barriers, reaching their maximum efficiency. It is mainly achieved by pr ohibition. Article 25 EC (cited in Weatherill, S 2007, Cases and Materials on EU Law p. 319) states that Customs duties on imports and exports and charges having equivalent effect shall be prohibited between Member States. This prohibition shall also apply to customs duties of a fiscal nature.There is no customs control at the borders of Member States (Four Freedoms (European Union), viewed 23 April, 2010), but rather, the Physical controls of imports and exports now occur at the traders premises (Four Freedoms (European Union), viewed 23 April, 2010).Furthermore, Article 90 (cited in Weatherill, S 2007, p.319) shows that No piece State shall impose, directly or indirectly, on the products of other Member States any internal taxation of any kind in excess of that imposed directly or indirectly on similar house servant products.It consists of prohibitions imposed on Member States of

A literature review of gifted sutdents Dissertation

A literature review of keen sutdents - Dissertation ExampleThe wallpaper tells that despite its wide usage, experts, scholars, academicians and scholars have yet not agreed on a single explanation of the term knowing. In fact, they have even failed to develop a consensus on outlining a nock of characteristics or behaviours relating to of investness, which is just another manifestation of the intensity to which this topic in debatable and undecided in educational, psychological, sociological, anthropological and other similar fields of study. Since the earliest human civilizations, the progress and accomplishments of humankind have been principally dependent upon persons who have per human bodyed extraordinarily in their fields. These population have accounted for the bulk of accomplishments forcing the governments, administrations and local authorities to focussing on exploring and developing to take charge of their respective fields. In fact, as early as in the 2200 BC, evi dence reveals that the Chinese authorities had developed a system of competitive examinations for children to explore the gifted or extraordinary ones and groom them for taking the government positions in the later years. This fascination with giftedness remained there, in one form or the other, in Greek and Roman civilizations as well. However, it was Sir Francis Galton, a well-known scientist and researcher of the 19th ascorbic acid and the cousin of Charles Darwin, who used the term gifted for the first time in order to refer to people who showed exceptional and extraordinary talent in a particular field, such as a gifted writer or a gifted singer (Sternberg & Wilson, 2004, pp. 310). Furthermore, Galton also called the children who show the potential of becoming a gifted adult as gifted children. It was Lewis Terman, the guru of educational psychology and one the leadings American psychologists in the twentieth century , who widened the scope of the research and provided some so rt of platform and meaning to the term gifted (Sternberg, 2003, pp. 360). Terman added the criteria of superior IQ in order to determine the giftedness of any individual. The fact is that Terman was very much inspired with the ideas of Alfred Binet in this field that never became public because of his early death (Janos & Robinson, 1985, pp. 259). However, Alfreds invention of the first useable IQ test gave the inspiration to Terman in order to look for and understand the students who have an IQ of 120 or more. In the 1920s, Terman selected almost 1500 students from different schools in California, which satisfied the IQ criteria. Over 1350 students out of this sample were unclouded and a significant majority belonged from the upper and middle class families. The aim of Terman was to prove that most of the public stereotypes held about gifted children such as physically weak, socially misfit, unhealthy and others were incorrect (Treffinger & National railroad tie for Gifted Chil dren, 2004, pp. 145-149). After selecting the sample in 1920, Terman did seven follow-ups with his termites, as he liked to call these gifted children. He followed the educational progress, interests, personalities, families and other related variables from their childhood to deep adulthood and found out that these gifted children were just as socially apt, physically strong, and tall and fit as others compared at their age. Even afterwards the death of Terman, the study is still underway with many follow-ups by the students of Terman, making it longest runway longitudinal study ever (Davis & Rimm, 1989, pp. 23-24 Sternberg, 2003, pp. 360). In addition, there have been some serious criticisms on this longest running longitudinal study. First, the sample that Terman selected in 1921 is highly unreliable and looking at the technique of

Analysis of AT & T Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Analysis of AT & T Organization - Essay exemplificationThis face is originally a company of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of telephone services, and has their headquarters in Boston. The government activity is a previous monopoly business that serves the population in the telecommunications and information technology sector (Keidel, 2005). It involves itself in the development and sale of telecommunication services in the country and across the entire globe (Verzuh, 2007). The presidential term has recently been experiencing problems in the loss of customers to their competitor, Verizon Corporation. This is because their competitors did introduce a similar product to their iphone. They ar also able to offer better pacts than the administration (Green, 2006). For example, Verizon Corporation offers no limitations on data transfers and lock charges a set price. The organization is currently unable to provide their customers with the satisfaction they require from the netw ork capabilities on offer. This results in the company making big losses in terms of customers leaving the organization for their competitors. The organization has not been able to keep their customers to the business (Valikangas, 2010). I would like to suggest that the company develops a protrusion to explore into these issues. They should form teams comprising of experts and some technical staff to address this issue across their various branches. The organization will expect to improve their products and increase the number of customers to their business (Valikangas, 2010). Analysis of the Current Situation This organization offers telephone communication services across twenty-two states in America. The company also offers internet facilities, data transfers and phone services. Financial analysts in the company suggest that the organization is likely to make profits in the next few years. The organization is also currently enjoying great revenues from their wireless trade (Esta brooks, 2005). The organizations debt currently stands at $1.4 billion, which is below EBITDA standards by 1.6 periods. Their pensions are hard to approximate and it finds difficulties in their cash flows since they have many debt to reward and dividends to pay to the shareholders. The dividends they pay out amount to more than ten billion dollars (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organization intends to acquire other company by the name of T-Mobile USA. These activities are likely to affect the organizations capital composition though the fiscal analysts believe that the companys performance will remain constant. The company has to cut the costs they commence to ensure that their performances remains relevant to the current market conditions (Hodges, 2002). The disadvantage that the organization currently encounters on limitations in their network will get their solutions after the organization acquires the additional firm. The management of AT&T expects that the additional organ ization will come with the networking resources they require. The organizations provision of wireless services is far beyond their competitors abilities. The organizations leadership focuses their cash on the repayment of their debts (Ellis, 2009). This move did come into play over the past few years with the aim of reducing their debts. This act enables the company to cut their costs to the current value of 65 billion dollars. Their investment formation remains the most traditional in their industry. This gives the company the advantage of speedily adjusting to changes in the economic conditions the country experiences (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organizations main competitor in the provision of Iphones, Verizon, has a customer base of more than ninety four million people and makes over a

Marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

market plan - Assignment ExamplePersonal contact with the client should be coupled with the use of the constantly growing and beneficial social media platforms (Benett, 2009). Moreover, the business will incorporate client promotion as a key component of its marketing channels and tactics.The span and salon sector has experienced exponential outgrowth over the last couple of years. The services are sought after majorly for relaxation. Most of the users of the services charter the salon or spa to visit on the basis of the range of services that are offered and the proximity to their places of work and residential homes (McDonald & Keegan, 2002). The quality of the service and the prices also influence consumer decision. A lot of service providers direct in Houston have targeted the high end market. These are individuals in stable employment and are on a stable income. Most of them charge an average of $ 250 for their services. From the price analysis, it is clear that a lot of hoi polloi are locked out from this spanking amenity. The need for affordable quality services in a well-off location is quite evident in the Houston market, based on the available data and it is such vital market needs that Divine Divas Salon seeks to satisfy.Divine Divas Salon targets people from all social classes living in Houston. The reason why the enterprise has decided to target the entire market is to avoid lock out those who had been previously denied access to the services due to the exorbitant charges. This market is made up of some(prenominal) groups that have different needs and characteristics. The first group consists of customers recovering from injuries. These clients need massage therapies and in intimately cases the charges are paid by the insurer (McDonald, 2011). The second group consists of clients who are out to pamper themselves. majority of the members of the second cluster are

Reflective Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Reflective Journal - Essay ExampleThere were throng shouting and one particular voice caught my attention. This was a mans voice and what caught my attention was the means he was shouting incoherently. I could non understand a word he said and outright I knew that he had some form of mental illness. Getting closer, I saw that there seemed to concur got been some form of tag of war between the shopkeeper and the man shouting. The man was pulling a bag of oranges that the shopkeeper was holding, shouting that it was his. Those gathered were busy trying to help the shopkeeper get spur his merchandise when the man pulled out a dirty broken bottle with what appeared to be mud inside. It took the discussion of the police and the ill man was bundled into the police car without his bag of oranges and taken away presumably to be locked up.I felt like helping the helpless man, as it seemed no one wanted to comprehend to his side of the story. Later when he brought out the dirty bottle , I felt that he was not to blame, alone I was at the same time angry with him for disturbing the peace. His aggressive action and reaction to this stead angered me as I felt that had he sought professional help, this whole incident would gather in been avoided.This was an avoidable situation. Mental illness had predisposed this man to acting in an irrational manner. The shopkeeper and the existence failed in their part when they resolved to take sides against this sick man. The situation should have been handled better. The shopkeeper and the man should have been allowed to resolve the issue. However, given the physical state of the ill man, it was understandable that the onlookers, me included, would have reacted as they did. This experience did not go as it should have and the manner in which the ill man was dealt with was somewhat unfair.The reaction of the onlookers was not appropriate and they should have tried to resolve the issue in a calm manner and not presume the ill

Are counter-intelligence and counter-espionage priorities mainly Essay

Are counter-intelligence and counter-espionage priorities mainly during major state-against-state geopolitical confrontations, a - Essay role modelDavid Lonsdale has talked about this phenomenon by evoking the consequences of in physical composition technology.2 There vex been a number of changes happening in the geopolitical relations that have changed the way, counter-espionage and counterintelligence operations are carried out. The changes have also transformed the time and space in which such acts are relevant. It was in this backdrop that in 1991, US had declared that new challenges were surfacing earlier the US counterintelligence, and had developed a National Security Strategy which said Growing international scotch competition and potential regional instabilities vastly broaden the scope of the potential intelligence threat. Our traditional openness, combine with recent changes in immigration laws and the sheer volume of information flow in the United States, affords lo ng access to sensitive information and facilities as well as to individuals who may be targets for intelligence collection.3 Similarly, the formation of Europol in European Union was a step towards ensuring effective counterintelligence coordination within the EU nations.4 UK has also include US among the prioritized country for a cooperation treaty with Europol.5 All this refocusing and redesigning of intelligence activities represent a broader understanding of the changes that happen around. Counterintelligence operations have thus become more a round the time activity than being a response to some existing or potential security threats. Researchers have been talking about the need for establishing an international intelligence modelwhich canestablish shared patterns and procedures in the diversify of intelligence and common national and international intelligence work.6 International counterespionage and counterintelligence activities and theories have to be discussed in the b roader context of geopolitics. The term, geopolitics, is often used to understand international politics and foreign policy matters.7 Henry Kissinger had equaled this invention with global equilibrium and permanent national interests in the world balance of power.8 Thus this concept is viewed as a prerequisite for maintaining global peace and well being. But usually, counterintelligence and counterespionage practices have also a trait to create global tensions as well. When these activities infringes upon the privacy and freedom of the citizens, criticism is bound to rise. For example, in the 1970s, FBI in America had pursued callous persecution of the Black radical activists and the American Indian Movement in the come across of national security.9 Bruneau and Tollefson have also explained this aspect of counterintelligence by saying that, counterintelligence and security intelligence activities have the great negative implications for democracy because of their covert surveilla nce of their citizenry.10 Also, when the counterintelligence activity of a hostile nation or agency is unearthed and the propagators are prosecuted, the hostilities may get enhanced. An interesting explanation on intelligence and counterintelligence has been that one typefaces intelligence failure is likely to be another sides counterintelligence success. Conversely, an intelligence coup detat by one country implies a

One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

One - Essay characterThe Government of Metropoliland continues with its controversial laws by raising taxes for non-alcoholic performance drinks that are not produced, following the countrys traditional method of production, regardless of the country of origin, or the final products composition.The Trips agreement with inevitable circumspection and discretion does allow for valid use by Third Parties, as compulsory authorise or government use, without the consent of the patent owner in certain circumstances.Generally speaking, the main criteria could be in terms of voluntary permission on practical marketable specifications and that the compensation paid to the right(a) holder shall be sufficient in such situation, taking into account the fiscal value of the licence held.The Agreement recognizes right of Members to take measures, consistent with its provisions against anti-competitive practices and provides more flexible conditions for the grant of compulsory licences, where a p ractice has been determined, after due process of law, to be anti-competitive. Trips Drug Patents, Technical Note Pharmaceutical patents and the TRIPS Agreement. (2006). check to provisions of World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement 1995, member countries should not discriminate between home(prenominal) help and contrary producers during course of trading. Thus all member countries should be provided equal status to domestic, or foreign trading partners or in other words practice favoured country treatment. (FCT)Metropoliland has sought domestic testimonial for its indigenous producers, initiated process of bureaucracy and retarded trade promotional efforts by adopting a protectionist policy towards its domestic growers, at the expense of competitive importers. This is against both the letter and spirit of various agreements that govern international trade, modify potential trade between signatories to such agreements, including State of Metropoliland.If all member countries a dopt a like

Digital technology and Education Research Proposal

Digital technology and Education - Research suggestion ExampleAt the same time, the institutions of higher education learning have been challenged to respond to the needs of globalization, as well as the knowledge economy in order to prepare the competencies and skills of the 21st century which adopt changes in instruction practices and curriculum. This has created demand for competence and more transparent performance and accountability in explore and teaching. Nevertheless, some policy makers perceive digital technology as an effective tool that will dish in managing most of the changes and will act as a transformative tool in both teaching and learning.The twentieth century has witnessed massive globalization of education. For instance, the total high education enrolment worldwide stood at 100 million in 2000s. This was 200 times higher than the enrolment at the beginning of 20th century. The number is estimated to reach 125 million by 2020. This globalization is normally cha racterized by huge variegation of the student enrolment since even the student from low economic backgrounds can work as secern time students. Internationally, there has been massive enrolment of students especially in UK, US, New Zealand, Canada and Australia. The students normally demand tractability in teaching and learning processes. The traditional school leavers demand more flexibility in their pro forma education, hence the name digital native grown and matured with the digital technologies and are still encircled and immersed in digital technologies in their daily activities. Therefore, the current research will investigate the effects of digital technology on todays business.Todays students have not changed just incrementally from the traditional ones but have changed in slang and styles when compared to the previous generations. There has been a big discontinuity that has fundamentally changed things until it is dead impossible to go back. This discontinuity

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Prion Protein Alleles renders Essay

undivided Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Prion Protein Alleles renders susceptibility or resistance to Natural Scrapie in sheep - Essay frameworkAmong these 3 codons there are 5 alleles generated that causes resistance and 3 alleles generated that causes susceptibility to the indisposition. Therefore, genotype of the breeds may put susceptibility or resistance to scrapie. Scrapie can be highly infectious and transmissible among similar species. besides being a genetic disease, only individuals that are susceptible in the prion protein (PrP) gene could be infected, careless(predicate) of any environmental factors. The objective of this research is to analyze each species genotype as to their genetic receive up for alleles. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the genotype of the three codons mentioned earlier, renders sheep susceptible or disgustful to the disease. The research will involve the genotypic comparison of two breeds of sheep The Awassi flock and The North Coun try Cheviot flock, to larn which genotype of the two breeds resembles the disease allele the most. DNA extraction and amplification will be make through PCR amplification. Furthermore, identification of the nucleotide sequences that closely resemble those of the disease allele will be firm using methods of restriction enzymes and specific primer binding sites. PROJECT SUMMARY The purpose of this study is to set sheep susceptibility and resistance for scrapie from two different breeds based strictly on genotypic variations due to maven nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codons 136, 154 and 171. The primary reason for carrying out this research is to increase awareness to the highest degree the fatal neurological disease in order to encourage farmers and breeders to take proper measurements in identifying the classify symptoms and to use proper sterile techniques to minimize transmission of the disease from environmental factors. More drastically, with no interposition or cure f or scrapie, breeders can anticipate discriminating breeding to eradicate scrapie by mating a resistant ram (ARR) with any ewe. Thus, it will assure a resistant genotype for scrapie in the offsprings. Although selective breeding showed to have a few successes in the past, the method is not guaranteed to work every time, since factors much(prenominal) as mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) render the animal susceptible to acquiring the disease upon interaction. INTRODUCTION Scrapie is a dangerous, degenerative disease bear upon the central nervous system (CNS) of sheep and goats. The disease is likewise referred to as la tremblante (French trembling), Traberkrankheit (German trotting disease), or rida (Icelandic ataxia or tremor) (Detwiler 1992). The disease was first recognized as affecting sheep in Great Britain and other countries of Western Europe over 250 years ago. The earliest definite criminal record of the incidence of scrapie was in Britain in 1732. Follow ing this event, there were accounts of a scrapie-like disease occurring in the Dorset cornet, Wiltshire Horn and Norfolk Horn breeds in England between 1750 and the early 1800s. Scrapie progressed in becoming a major problem in the incline Suffolk breed around 1950, leading to successive financial loss in flocks. In 1938, first subject area of the disease was identified in Canada and since then there have been over 167 flocks in 6 Canadian provinces with confirmed cases of classical scrapie (Plummer 1946). In general, there is a gradual development of clinical cases of scrapie that have been preserve in many regions around the world notable exceptions are Australia and New Zealand. This is due

Pearson Education Company and Its External Factors Essay

Pearson Education Company and Its External Factors - Essay ExampleLike any new(prenominal) organization, Pearson Education does not exist in a vacuum but operates in an environment that is characterized by stiff competition from other rival competitors like McGraw-Hill, Reed Elserivier, and Thomson among others. In this context, STEEPLE analysis in the first place takes into consideration the environmental factors that may impact on the operations of business. According to information obtained online, there argon mainly seven factors that affect the operations of business and these are social, technological, economic, environmental, political, legal and ethical. (See appendix 1). It is very chief(prenominal) for any business to diagnose the external environment in which it is operating in order to crystallise a competitive advantage over the other competitors. An organization ought to strategically streamline its operations so as to be able to remain viable and profitable while at the same clipping ensuring that its operations conform to the expectations of the customers. Whilst there are various external factors, technological as well as economic factors form the basis of this study as going to be analyzed in detail. On the other hand, a SWOT analysis defines the relationship between the internal and external environmental factors in the appraisals in strategic analysis of the operations of a business (Robinson 1997). Basically, SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses which represent the internal environment of the firm while opportunities and threats are external environmental factors. It is primarily concerned with analyzing the key factors of the environment and the original internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization which will help dictate the strategies appropriate to the firm. The internal factors include the operations of the employees at Pearson Education while the external factors are mainly concerned with technological developments as well as competition from the other rival players.

In the instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

In the instruction manual - Essay ExampleThe character reference has provided information in the use of satisfactory writing skills in two manual and online publications. It has highlighted the differences between the two fields while showing ways of improving the writing skills. In most cases, online sources do not seem to focus much on the writing skills and vocabularies as compared to disks. It has emphasize on concord the audience and publishing sector before engaging in writing skills. The source will help in the research as it provides examples on internet sources and audiences with diverse comprehending activities.The books topic provides a clear approach on various ways to improve writing skills in students. The main discussed principles include the pre-writing, drafting, editing, revising, and publishing. The procedure has been revealed in the chapters to ensure starters have an idea of perfect writing skills. The book has also offered tips and examples in every stage hence, a thorough comprehension of the principles. The book focuses on the report areas behind improving the writing process that depend on various cognitive skills, which will is of tangible concern for the research topic. For example, the knowledge, comprehension, application, and the analysis comprehension skills will play a significant role in the research process.The publication has recommended various principles in writing English as a language. It has focused on one way of communication then provided detailed information in comprehending and writing the chosen language. It has started with understanding word order and the different pronunciations used in literature. The chapters have provided examples where long sentences have been broken mickle to recognize the word order and use of syllables. The book has also provided knowledge on the use of vocabularies at the appropriate stage in the sentences.

Managing financial resources and development editing Essay

Managing financial resources and development redact - Essay ExampleThe company can also increase or improve on its gross revenue so that however much the payments are, the receipts will still be more in purchase order to for the company to meet its current liabilitiesNet Present Value is the difference between the present appraise of the cash inflows and the present value of the realise outflows. Project cash flows are discounted using an allow post, which is the stripped-down govern of return required by the investor. In the case of these two projects of import and Beta projects, the discounting rate is 10% which is used to calculate the discounting factors with the formula 1/(1 + r)n where r is the discounting rate and n is the number of years. The appropriate cash flows are the after tax cash flows, therefore the net cash flows should be estimated on the after tax basis. However, in these projects, there was no tax involved and no project had a residual value after the co mpletion period of 5 years. Computation of cash flows requires a particular(a) treatment of non-cash expenses such as depreciation though in these projects, there is no depreciation considered. However, in case of depreciation, it has an indirect effect on the cash flow since it is a tax deduction expense.The everyday criteria for Net Present Value is that the project with a negative net present value should be undertaken since it increases the wealth of the shareholders and a project with a negative net present value should not be undertaken since it reduces the wealth of the shareholders. In a case where the manager is faced with several projects and would like to choose unitary to implement, then the net present values of all the projects will be calculated and compared. The project with the highest net present value should be preferred to the others with low net present value.Considering these two projects the project Alpha and project Beta, both the projects will last for 5 years and will have a discounting rate of

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics,Government spending and Fiscal Essay

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics,Government spending and Fiscal Policy, Taxation, - Essay ExampleProblem with this measure is that it does non include the goods and service that ar not made public.3. The US does not use tariffs and foreign mass meeting rates to control or influence its frugality because they have signed a policy with the WTO which has nix them for conducting such activities in set out to promote international trade.The monetary policy tool is used to decline or increase the amount of capital within an economy. The government adopts an expansionary monetary policy in order to increase money supply within the country and adopts a contraction one to make the resistance possible. The government uses the tool of taxes to in order to increase and decrease a certain economic action at law from taking place. Taxes are levied on individual goods and services. Government may influence the employment side of the economy when it uses the job training and education tool to influence economy. Monetary policy has a major pertain on the economy of a country as it does not impacts a certain portion of the economy, quite it effects the entire population and the their spending and saving patterns.4. President Obama plans to decrease the budget deficit by decreasing government spending by a considerable amount, similar are the plans of Romney, but along this plan he even plans to decrease taxes in order to increase spending which will in the long run increase revenue and GDP.5. Market is a place where buyers and sellers interact with each other to conduct transactions, regulations are rules and guidelines set to control the activities of buyers and sellers to make sure that both groups do not cheat each other.6. beseech is the number of goods and services that a person is willing, able and has the money to buy and supply is the amount of goods and services manufacturers are, willing and able to sell at a particular price. Demand and supply

Financial Reporting and Analysis for Decision Making Essay

Financial Reporting and outline for Decision Making - stress ExampleThere appears no true definition under the ordinance or the HKAS.Most cases take in the knowledge of the accountant discretion. When companies comply with the Companys Ordinance the HKAS depicts the situation as true and fair. The flake there appears a problem the term comes straight from the legislative or the investment discretion (Oporowski, 2005). Hong Kong citizens be to analyze the connection found among corporate operation reporting releases. Basing the argument to the results of a, certain company in, Hong Kong eld 2011 shows that, Firms experiencing a high earning level, rargonly releases the study to the yearly inspire disclosure. Companies that end up releasing their press disclosures display a heightened impression management. The implication here proves that managers who handle their practices engage in it at varied levels related to the firms communications. The ultimate information found in su ch communications proves that the corporations release information that lures the outsiders to observe the firms performance in a way that they desire (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, 2011). Analysis of the Topic Issue Using Financial Theory The issues on manipulation The manipulation of data by the managers creates a wrong impression of the company, which later affects the issuance, and the content of the yearly results press releases. The manipulation of the pecuniary reports leaves the customary with numerous questions. The questions range from whether the firm is trying to run away from legal implications, or it just wants to reverberate the information about the firm that can be viewed by the members of the public. Managers utilize the secretive nature presented by the members of the press release in facilitating manipulating figure to lure the customers and potential investors of the credibility of their corporate bodies. Another potential reason for the act comes from, or excluding the amount of individuals to reduce impression operations in the Hong Kong Accounting meter (HKAS) 1 or entirely shun the release practice. Some researchers such as Godfrey et al conclude that earning management directly relates to graphical perception management coupled with explanatory impression management (Agarwal, 2002) Disclosures relating to far-famed events, balances and transactions The impression can be traced at a glance by critical conterminous look at the earning managements and impression management that are released earlier. Most managers tend to release the organization financial information by the use of the third quarter earnings of the organizational report. The study induces more publications as it constantly deals with the releases of Hong Kong Accounting Standard (HKAS) 1 (Revised). Previous analyses prove the application of manipulation practices in the press release data. The results this ends up affecting the stock markets shar es prices (Financial Management Association, 1972) Auditors remuneration The disclosure requirement where the issuers are expected by the line 2(h) in the Boards main rules to give full information on the auditors and non auditors salary included in the corporate government report. The issuers failure to disclose the characteristics of non-audit assignments

Green Design Essay Example for Free

Green target EssayThe notion of a responsible computer architecture use is something that flourished modal value back in 1970s. However, kibibyte builds during that time were only developed on a domestic or small scale nates (Papanek 4). It is only in the late 1980s that honey oil commercial developments are done as an work not only of the 1980 economic boom but as well as of various social, political and design factors (Beaufoy 199). At the present age, the author argues that the attempts of modern architecture to merge new trends in office design and environmental friendly features are primarily commercial in nature and not really fully environmental. Having such(prenominal)(prenominal) premise in mind, the author formulated the research nous Should interior designers encourage clients to go with atomic number 19 design? In order to sufficiently answer this question, the author lose provided a comparative abridgment of the pros and cons of the verdure design and t hen satisfyingly deduce based from the said arguments the writers office weather he will respond to the question on the affirmative or the negative manner.Arguments on the affirmative side claims that (1) The kB design will serve well reduce the environmental burdens that the present nine lends to the aforementioned and also succor man conserve vitality (Winter 8) and (2) The kelvin design will help to minimize or to an extent prevent sickness that are acquired within a particular structure or house. On the other hand, the arguments on the negative side are the following (1) The green design raises the costs in erecting grammatical constructions or houses (2) The green design is difficult to implement on genuine states, depending on the statutory laws governing a particular state.Body The body of the research elaborates on the ordained and the downsides of implementing green design. Reducing Environmental Burdens and Energy Conservation The relevance of green buildings on a globose level and its effect to the environment and energy conservation is one of the study arguments in terms of promoting green designs. Buildings or houses that are tailored to be such are expected to reduce carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbon emissions that are brought about by airconditioning (Beaufoy 203).For instance, IBM has been creating buildings that are completely asbestos free and avoids the use of hardwoods unless the latter came from a sustainable source. They are also using low ozone-depleting chemicals and has been controlling the ozone emission of their airconditioning, and even planning in the adjacent future to eliminate aircondition altogether. In some instances, where green buildings use glass on the exterior, such helps to diminish the need for heating, and the small amount of heat that is needed could be gas-fired.Corollary with this, one can also help to reduce the use of light bulbs of fluorescent lights, hence conserving energy (Beaufoy 203). Th e use of energy efficient devices such as those of modern HVAC devices helps buildings to conserve operating costs and could even make the former eligible for rebates offered by local energy companies. In addition with this, through designing building facilities that make use of energy through natural ventilation and daylight also reduces operating costs (Meyerson 47). Health BenefitsOne of the major premises why green buildings are favorable is due to the health benefits that it could bring to people. For instance if a building is designed to draw air at a high level, cooled and the filtered, the air conditioning or water system of the aforementioned could help eliminate the risk of Legionnaires Disease (Beaufoy 203). The Greenpeace building in Islington, capital of the United Kingdom are also geared towards creating a more environmentally sustained building in their disposition to reduce the risks of office illnesses that result due to the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions of a irconditions (Beaufoy 204).Increased Construction and Soft lives The veritable costs of building green architecture are something that is too expensive that a lot of green features can not be really accommodated by most marginalized companies (Johnston 1). As such it is often argued that green buildings are only for wealthy people (Wilson 1). The problem of first costs or the initial expenses that has to be paid prior to building a house is something that is of a growing concern for customers. For instance, the use of unique trades and materials could increase costs in addition to LEED commissioning (Syphers et al 8).In addition with this, higher leisurely costs are also most likely to be incurred in green buildings. The use of additive design analysis, computer modeling, commissioning, product research and lifecycle costs analysis for materials that could be substituted could also paved the way for up-front costs (Syphers et al 8). Legal Considerations Local conditions that ar e unique to e rattling country and state refrigerated also be one of the problems in terms of attempting to erect green buildings, for some state regulations could nark certain problems on the aforementioned.For instance, the state of California prohibits the use of water-free urinals that could have saved certain buildings a significant amount of water (Syphers et al 6). In relation with this, the use of solar panels that could have help buildings to save electricity, though highly encouraged within various states regulations also poses some problems as the law requires buildings to square off these panels somewhere that could not be visualisen on public roads due to the risk of accidents.Also, local building codes have given limitations on the height windmills including its zone restrictions (Syphers et al 7). As generally known, windmills are also one of the most environmentally friendly way of generating electricity. Analysis After presenting the abovementioned arguments of the positive and the downsides of the use of the green design, it is also noteworthy to tell that amidst all of these most basic issues, the author perceived that the advocacy for the edition of green buildings is something that is primarily commercial in nature rather than really environmental in focus.Although it could be significantly noted that green buildings indeed helps the environment due to cutting the use of certain machines that could have harmed for instance the ozone layer, it could be implied that the primary motivation of customers is indeed on cost cutting and juxtaposed with that of course of instruction is a relatively healthy lifestyle.In this respect, it could be said that although the positive side of green architecture is emphasized most specially its environmental underpinnings, the fact couldnt be hidden that such an elbow grease is not really one hundred percent pro nature as one could see a compromise between capitalism and protecting the environment. It is with this respect that the author remembered that capitalism is indeed a necessary evil. There are a number of human endeavors that will not proceed without its aid, and such includes even the environment.In addition to these issues, the notion of the difficulty of implementing the architectural design of green buildings is something that should also be taken into consideration. The initial construction costs and soft costs could be really expensive however, experts notwithstanding argue that the life cycle costs of the building in the long run could be very cost effective (California Integrated shoot a line Management Board 1). The legal considerations of course are something that is self-assertive in order to assure order and efficiency to the society.Albeit it should be noted that the process of adopting green design is something that is still in the process of development hence it is theoretically possible that the future technology could bring about changes that could fu lly actualize the fullest utility of the program. Conclusion Given the abovementioned factors, the author wishes to answer the research question Should interior designers encourage clients to go with green design? in the affirmative.It could be seen that although the green design has a number of short comings, it could not be denied that these flaws are only minute in comparison to the boilers suit utility that it could bring to man and to the environment. The short comings of green design could be solved through brisk collaboration of various stakeholders that are concerned to such like customers, contractors, architects, interior designers, engineers, the government, non government organizations, private corporations and the likes.lit Cited Beaufoy, Helena. Case Study The Green Office in Britain A Critical Analysis. Journal of visualize History 6,3 (1993) 206. California Integrated Waste Management Board. January 2007. Sustainable (Green) Building Project Design Cost Issues. 2 3 October 2007 http//www. ciwmb. ca. gov/GreenBuilding/Design/CostIssues. htmPrimers Johnston, Ritchey. Actual Costs Is Building Green Too Expensive? January 2000.Housing Zone. 23 October 2007 http//www. housingzone. com/topics/nahb/green/nhb00ca029. asp Meyerson, Andrew. The Dollars and Cents of Green Construction Being Environmentally Friendly Brings Financial as thoroughly as brotherly Benefits. Journal of Accountancy 199,5 (2005) 47. Papanek, Victor. Design for the Real World Human environmental science and Social Change. London Thames Hudson, 1985. Syphers, Geof et al. October 2003 Managing the Cost of Green Buildings K-12 Public Schools Research Laboratories Public Libraries Multi-family Affordable Housing. State of California and Almeda COunty Waste Management Authority.23 October 2007 http//www. ciwmb. ca. gov/GreenBuilding/Design/ManagingCost. pdf Winter, Metta, The Greening of Design Jack Elliott Believes Interior Designers Can and Should Play a Major Role in Preve nting Environmental Degradation, That Sustainability Should Be Central to All Design Decisions. Human Ecology 30,1 (2002) 8. Wilson, Alex. Building Green on a Budget. May 1999. Building Green. com. 23 October 2007 http//www. buildinggreen. com/auth/article. cfm? fileName=080501a. xmla