The Effects of Occupational Stress on Physical Health and its Consequen

No matter the job, stress will always play a role in an individual’s life. Regardless of whether one is a waitress, a teacher, a corrections officer, or a doctor, avoiding stress in the workplace is nearly impossible, perhaps even impossible. And the effects of stress in the workplace are numerous. Stress can have both psychological and physical effects on the members of the workforce. And while the specific effect may differ from one individual to the next, and in particular the effect on physical health will certainly differ from one job to another, a construction worker will most certainly experience different health issues than a secretary, for instance, physical health. Research conducted in the field of occupational health psychology has found evidence linking health and mortality in individuals to the stress encountered in the workplace; in particular research has discovered a causal effect between work experiences and physiological responses (Macik-Frey, Quick & Ne lson, 2007). Stress in the workplace can have an effect not only on the safety measures employees engage in while on the clock, but can also affect how an individual behaves outside of the workplace, in fact, it is not uncommon for an individual to experience accidents and injuries outside of the workplace that can be linked back to the stresses they experienced not only in the workplace but other stresses concerning one’s employment (Macik-Frey et al, 2007). Estimates vary widely on the cost to organizations of poor health in employees, with some estimates reporting losses in the billions of American organizations, not only from the loss of productivity and sick-leaves, but also as a result of caring for these illnesses. Cardiovascular heart-disease (CDH... ...lsewhere, or they may just have no causal link. In the study of burnout and physical health, there is still much more research necessary to fully understand and prevent not only burnout, but cardiovascular disease, particularly in the workforce. The link is not always certain, but with new researches conducted the pathway between burnout and cardiovascular disorder, between stress as a whole and physiological symptoms, becomes clearer. The benefit is not only for mental health but also physical well-being of employees and overall increased production in organizations; it is not just the individual who benefits from burnout treatments in their well-being and overall job satisfaction, but the organization benefits from having a healthy workforce who are also happy, or at least not frustrated and dissatisfied, with their occupation and position in the organization.

I’m a child anorexic Essay

In 2006 the BBC made a documentary called ‘I’m a child anorexic’ (appendix 1) it focuses on â€Å"Rhodes Farm† – a treatment clinic in north London that specialises in children suffering from anorexia nervosa from girls as young as 12 years old. The programme follows the girls’ highs and lows at the clinic – the initial tantrums as they struggle to eat the foods they fear most, their interactions with staff, the friendships they make, their family dealings and then the tears of sadness when they finally have to leave. The documentary focuses primarily on the struggle of 2 young girls in particular, 12-year-old Natasha and 13-year-old Naomi. I have chosen this clip because as well as educating about anorexia in young girls, it does a brilliant job of illustrating different types of relationships the girls have with the people surrounding them during this difficult time. It portrays variances in communication between them and their families, carers and peers. It also reveals how the young girls are feeling during their time at the clinic and demonstrates examples of how they are made to feel isolated and different. Wherever you are and however you may be nobody likes to feel isolated and alone; being part of a community has a positive impact on your life. A sense of loneliness leads to feelings of sadness and anxiety, which consequently can complicate health problems. In health care settings in particular it is important that individuals feel a sense of belonging among other things. For this reason if progress is to be made by the girls at Rhodes Farm then is important that their care follows the ‘relationship-centred’ framework. This framework has been developed so that all participants (staff included) experience a sense of: security, belonging, continuity, purpose, achievement and significance (Nolan et al. 2006). Whilst this framework was designed with a focus on older people, the six senses have wider applicability to other clinical areas to. The concept is that if all these senses are met, then the care you are giving and receiving is at its highest possible level. Throughout the clip there are arious scenes that demonstrate how happy the girls are to have one another. It is extremely important, in their fragile states that they are not going through this journey alone and the fact that there are other girls of similar ages going through the same thing means that the girls can all relate to one another. This is important because it makes them conscious that they are not the only ones that are suffering with this illness. By establishing these close friendships the girls are achieving a sense of belonging within the clinic. Having others that are going through the same as them also gives them the security to know they are not alone, which helps to ease sadness and pain. It is through communication that we build these friendships. Effective mutual communication is of paramount importance. Research shows that in order to make a difference to children’s lives healthcare practitioners must be able to relate to the children, support them in making decisions, listen to them, and involve them. â€Å"Good communication between healthcare professionals and patients is essential† (Nice 2012). There are numerous scenes in the clip where Dr Dee Dawson founder of Rhodes Farm (referred to as Dr D throughout) is seen talking directly to the girls, both individually and in group situations; and in my opinion she does not always demonstrate good communication or meet all the senses from the framework I have mentioned earlier. It can be very difficult to judge what a child understands or knows (NHS), and this is apparent when Dr D is talking to Naomi about her personal progress at the clinic. Dr D presumes that Naomi is aware about the calorific content of water, and by repeating her question and raising the tone and volume of her voice she appears to patronise Naomi quite significantly. This represents a distinct lack of empathy on Dr D’s part. Additionally what that caught my attention in this scene was how the majority of what Dr D has to say focuses on the negative aspects of Naomi’s journey; such as failing all her weekends away and how they feel she is keen to stay on, instead of picking up on the more positive aspects such as the meals she has eaten and the weight she may have gained. You also see in this scene that because of the emotional and cognitive impacts that the illness has on Naomi, alongside the pressure from Dr D, she really struggles to verbalise her feelings. This is validated when Naomi breaks down in tears. One of the key qualities central to therapeutic communication is the ability to truly ‘attend’ to the other person. This has been referred to as giving ‘free attention (Egan 1990). Heron (1975) described this as, â€Å"a subtle and intense activity of being present for the client. â€Å"Talking is the main ingredient in medical care and it is the fundamental instrument by which the doctor-patient relationship is crafted and by which therapeutic goals are achieved† (Rotter and Hall 1992). In the clip, there is a scene that shows Naomi being made to drink water, as punishment for her behaviour. What is interesting about this scene is the difference in communication and in the relationship between the carer and Naomi comp ared with that of Dr D. The carer uses a more healing style when talking to her, using more positive phrases such as, â€Å"you can do it,† and generally being more encouraging. She points out to Naomi what has already achieved in order to support her with what she has remaining. Carers are taught the basic principles of motivational interviewing (Miller and Rollnick, 1991). When people are hostile or hesitant to change the principles of this approach should be used. This approach can be summarised in the phrase ‘less is more’. Less serves as an acronym for the fundamental principles of this approach: listen, empathy not sympathy and sharing, af? rmation and support. Whitaker et al. 2005) Chitty and Black (2007, p. 218) explain that communication is the exchange of information, thoughts and ideas through verbal and non-verbal communication at the same time. They explain that verbal communication consists of entirely speech whereas non-verbal communication consists of gestures, postures, facial expressions, tone and level of volume. Children in particular once they have grown out of infancy, are acute observers of body language and the mood of ot hers. In the scene where Dr D is standing at the front of the room talking to the girls as a group I noticed that body language is evident from her and the girls. I also noted that she shows very little empathy or support towards them. In this scene the girls are sat at a lower level, they therefore need to look up to her as if she is more important than them. In doing this she is distancing herself from the girls. In their fragile conditions they already see her as the authoritative figure, and this positioning clarifies that further. You can see in the girl’s facial expressions that they lack interest in what she has to say; their faces appear jaded. There is little eye contact made between the doctor and the girls as the majority of them have their heads down; some have their faces in their hands, other are picking their nails. These are common signs of disinterest and anxiety. The language that Dr D uses here is derogatory and I imagine makes the girls feel even more alienated. She emphasises this by categorising them, using phrases such as, â€Å"you people† and referring to non-anorexic people as â€Å"normal people†. It is highlighted in studies how important it is to transfer warm, af? rming and respectful methods of communication however as seen in this clip Dr D seems neither warm nor affirming. I do not feel that she is seen to be being respectful of their low self-esteem and I do not see any example of her making an effort to be heartfelt or affectionate. To be able to identify and accommodate to the particular conversational practices of different social groups, you must have what Hymes calls ‘communicative competence’ (Hymes, 1972. This is a term used to describe a speaker’s potential for communicating effectively. Proficiency must be shown across a wide range of social, interpersonal and cultural contexts. This skill is a prerequisite for Dr D when communicating with these young girls and I would have thought that as the doctor who set up the clinic and therefore presumably has a keen interest in young people with this illness, that she would practice this theory in or der to engage with the girls more and make them feel more at home and comfortable. Studies show that an adult’s values and attitudes effect children close to them quite substantially, therefore it is vitally important that adults develop the insights; self-awareness and skills that are needed to guide the child, especially within a setting such as Rhodes Farm. From the day they are born children start to develop a sense of who they are. One of the main factors that contribute to their identities is relationships; this can be with family members, other adults and children, friends and other figures such as members of their community. As well as being a standard of ethical practice, finding out what children and young people are feeling, hoping, thinking, and fearing in regards to their treatment, as well as decision making which affects them directly is now a statuary requirement. (Department of Health 2002) Family are important in any environment where young children are involved as they create a balance between change and stability. In early 1960s when Bowlby and Robertson established that there were negative consequences to he well-being of a child that is hospitalised and recognition of the family as a unit increased (cited by Alsop-Shields and Mohay 2001). The concept of family-centred care (FCC) has become much more frequently used to describe a practice that identifies the family as the fundamental source of support. It also considers the deliberate involvement of the family essential to promote the health of all family members (Franck and Callery 2004, Shields et al. 2006). The classic view of parent – adolescent relationships is one of conflict, Anderson and Clarke (1982) opposed this view. In the scene where Natasha is about to go out for a meal with her father for the first time since being at the clinic, she is talking to the camera about how hard it is has been for her to spend time without seeing her family. In a situation where Natasha was not sick or separated from her family for a long amount of time, her feelings and reactions on this subject may not be the same. When the parents arrive at Rhodes Farm to see the girls, the girls run out to hug them. Research suggests that children of a young age rely on the support of their families. Through hugging the girls the parents show them love, affection and support. To feel secure, attention to the essential physiological and psychological needs need to be met and part of this can be done through hugging. In the clip when Natasha is alone with her father, I noticed that one of first thing that Natasha’s father tells her is how great she is looking. Giving children messages of love, approval, encouragement and above all respect, allows them to develop a positive sense of who they are. Sick children in particular need to feel this; it can be one of the factors that contribute towards a faster recovery. These messages give them the confidence to voice their own feelings, views and opinions and aid them in making their own choices when appropriate. In Natasha’s case this support her father is showing her could have a direct influence on the way she perceives herself and therefore speed up her recovery. As Faulkner (1998) stated: â€Å"To be able to communicate effectively with others is at the heart of all patient care. † All the relationships seen in this clip have an immediate and vast impact on the girls. Dr D demonstrates how not relating to the girls makes it hard for her to gain their attention and presumably respect. When she talks to them as a group they have little interest in what she has to say, when she has one of the girls on her own the girl struggles to verbalise her feelings, resulting in tears. The relationships between the girls are what keep them motivated and happy. Without these friendships I imagine that the girls would feel so much more isolated and less inspired to get better. The carer’s positive attitude and encouraging words are also key factors in making the girls feel safe giving them a sense of achievement and making them feel secure in these particular surrounding, The relationships between the father and daughter also gives the girl a sense of security as well as continuity. He is supporting her and showing love, which will give her the confidence she needs to get well. Within any type of relationship, especially within a care setting, it is imperative that the senses of belonging and security are met. Once these have been met, a trust is in place that makes communication much easier.

Native American Genocide - 5146 Words

Was U.S. Policy Toward Native Americans During the Periods of Expansion, Colonization, and Early U.S. an act of Genocide ? â€Å"To conquer a nation, one must first disarm its citizens.† - Adolf Hitler, 1933 Abiona Yemane US History Ms.Brown Section F Independent Research Project 4 June 2014 Introduction In August of 1492 Columbus set sail from Spain hoping to soon arrive in Asia, but a few months later he arrived in the Bahamas and claimed it as new land. He thought he had discovered a new land, but little did he know— or care—that this land was already inhabited by a group of Indigenous peoples called Native Americans. Columbus proceeded to take over this land, exploit it for its riches, and abuse†¦show more content†¦The entire goal of the boarding school was to take a massive amount of an entire Native American generation, and change their overall outlook on life by educating them in the western way instead of allowing them to grow up in their Native households. In the end you will be left with a mass amount of civilized Native Americans, and not many of their generation will be able to keep the Native American way of life alive because they do not know much about it. This is a very effective tactic used by the settlers. It serves to kidnap an entire gener ation of Native Americans, and turn them into westernized peoples, who can be easily placed infiltrate a Native American community. Classifying Native Americans as inferior also allows the settlers to think that they are superior and need to civilize the land and its people. According to the Wicocomico Indian Nation â€Å"In 1623, the Jamestown Colonists passed legislation that indicated their hostility toward the Indians.† Many of the legislations passed by the colonists in this time were very hostile toward the Native Americans. Being hostile toward the native Americans and passing legislation on land they did not even own, are signs that the settlers began feeling more powerful. They felt like they were superior to the Native Americans, and needed to train them to actShow MoreRelatedThe Native American Genocide2545 Words   |  11 PagesRaquel Medina Professor Gomez Eng. 101 5/4/16 The Native American Genocide As one begins to compare genocides and holocausts, it is hard to remain unbiased. Of Course there are dissimilarities, mostly semantic, between these two horrendous acts. Regardless, the fact is that both these words are used to explain the immense killings done with the objective of annihilating an entire race of people .Holocausts and Genocides are disgusting both in its drive and the scale of their destruction. Both shouldRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Native Americans1516 Words   |  7 PagesCristina Savaglio Prof. Di Lorenzo History 203 24 November 2014 The Genocide of the Native Americans Early European colonization of the Americas was initially marked by both exchange and conflict. 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The Natives Culture,Read MoreNative American Genocide Essays1362 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup;bre. forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.br(Destexhe).brbrIn this paper, I will argue that the act of genocide as here defined, has been committed by the United States of America, upon the tribes and cultures of Native Americans, through mass indoctrination of its youths. Primary support will be drawn from Jorge Noriegas work, American Indian Education in the United States. The paper will then culminate with my personal views on the subject, with ideas of if and howRead More Holocaust vs. Native American Genocide Essay961 Words   |  4 Pages The term genocide brings awful things to mind. For most, it probably directs their attention towards the Holocaust; this was definitely a gruesome and obvious example of genocide, but there are many others with great similarities that are not very well known. 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The Native Americans were simply denied their rights and in Germany, during World War II, the Jewish population’s rights were taken away. The plight of the Native American expanded over a longer time period, but there race was practically eradicated. The systematic state-sponsored murder of six million

Fast Food Should Not Be Served For School Lunch Menu

For the past 22 years, the public school system has been serving unhealthy foods to kids (Psyche Pascual).Schools are changing salad bars for ice cream bars and fruit for candy. Your body is not designed for harsh amounts of sodium, fat, and sugar. In the school system, kids should be allowed to only choose healthy alternatives. The community and parents need to change laws to promote healthy nutrition in schools. There are overwhelmingly too many obese children because of school lunch menu. Fast food should not be served in schools because it is not healthy, students cannot focus, and fast food has harmful chemicals. For many years in America we have been eating foods containing fat, sugar, and salt. Ever since 1993 the Norwalk-La Mirada District High banned fast food during school hours, but students rebelled and wanted hamburger, pizza, and fries. (Psyche pascual) Due to the disgusting food at the school they agreed to have fast food. Norwalk high school was one of the first schools to start the trend of having fast food in schools. The cafeteria workers were later forced to work less hour and hated the decision. (Psyche pascual) People know that fast food is unhealthy, but they buy it because of its taste and price. Fast food is a quick way for people to eat foods that taste good. The food has many options and has big portions. Fast food would make students happy and enjoy what they eat. The food is cheap and everybody can afford it. Students will no longerShow MoreRelatedLetter Of The Board Of Education1399 Words   |  6 PagesSoderman English Period 4 14 June 2016 A Letter to The Board of Education â€Å"McDonald’s.† When people hear that word, the first things they visualize are the Golden Arches, the Big Mac, or Ronald McDonald. McDonald s has had a profound effect on the fast-food industry and on the U.S.; in the 20th century, the creators/owners of McDonald s, Richard McDonald, Maurice McDonald, and Ray Kroc (a traveling salesman) created the Speedee Service System, which made restaurants like a factory, and improved onRead MoreSpeech Fast Food805 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: Fast food should not be served in schools. Specific purpose statement: Lunches served in schools should be improved. Introduction. I. Attention getter: 20.1% as of the year 2010. 5 to 10 is the number of meals a child eats at school. The percentage of obese children in the US. The number is 4 times higher than 1970s. If you have been to elementary, middle or high school, at some time, you have been exposed to canteen food. II. Thesis: I am here to tell you why poor quality food shouldRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is only climbing higher. Every member in society should take steps to becoming healthier. This would help the present generations as well as future generations to come. The lifestyle of Americans keeps us too busy to be a healthy society. With the expansion in technology, children are hastily becoming more and more inactive. In the past century, kids would play outside from sunrise to sunset. Little did they realize, that playtime served as great daily exercise. Physical activity is a keyRead MoreEssay On Junk Food In Schools1222 Words   |  5 Pages90 percent of school lunches refrain from serving fresh foods (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). School lunches are no longer prepared from scratch easily now entrusted to highly processed foods. Clearly, one-third of American children’s diet consists of fast food (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). Junk foods in schools have become a profound issue in many states of the US. Laws have been formulated to forbid unwholesome meals by expelling or reducing the accessibility of related foods held by the institutesRead MoreThe School Lunch1692 Words   |  7 Pages The school lunch is currently struggling with providing healthy meals to students,ma ny school district are still feeding foods full of fat,sugar and other ingredients which contributes to obesity therefore,some possible solution to resolve for this issue by adding a wider variety of foods to the menu limiting the amount of unhealthy foods given each week giving the students nutritional information about what they are eating. To support the solution is many schools are struggling with providingRead MoreEssay on Subway Case Analysis1273 Words   |  6 Pagestraditional fast foods. SUBWAYs ® annual sales exceeded $6.3 billion dollars, while countless awards and accolades have been bestowed its chain over the past 40 years. SUBWAY ® had 7,825 units worldwide with 7,750 units in North America whilst its rapid growth has attracted many investments and brought it many competitors such as KFC and Burger King. Recent initiatives to attract customers beyond SUBWAYs ® traditionally health-conscious consumers should increase the companys share of the fast food marketRead MoreFactors Of Serving An Institution3618 Words   |  15 Pagesto Serve an Institution Shannon Ly, Kaylah Samia Theodore Roosevelt High School February 24, 2015 2 FACTORS INSTITUTION Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Factors to Serve an Institution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Dietary Guidelines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Factors to Menu Planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Nutritional Value of Food in Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.........6 School†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Calorie Intake†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAnalysis Of The Clark County District, Las Vegas, Nevada Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Clark County School District, Las Vegas, Nevada which has a central kitchen that does not meet the demands of the district. Due to this they started a â€Å"Dish Up† program where high schools produce for their needs and for the needs of elementary schools in the district.Food production is thereby centralized at a central kitchen and at regional kitchens. This combination affords them efficiencies in labour and the capacity to satisfy the needs of the school district. (National food Service ManagementRead MorePersonal Reflection on the Message Behind Super Size Me Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagessource. This must be in your own words. â€Å"Super size me†, produced and directed by Morgan Spurlock, takes on the role of a common American who eats fast food on a daily basis. He tries to prove the intense damage fast food can do to one’s body and health. He has three meals a day, which are breakfast, lunch and dinner. He tries everything on the menu, with no exception. At the beginning of the film he sees a cardiologist, gastroenterologist, and a general practitioner to check his health and theRead MoreThe Public Needs to Know: Dietary Changes to School Meals1088 Words   |  4 PagesKnow: Dietary Changes to School Meals Children today are in much greater danger of health issues related to poor nutrition and diet than seen in previous generations. As children continue to face the dangers of issues like obesity, more and more programs are aiming to address the issue with effectiveness. It is clear that something needs to be done in regards to helping improve the nutritional intake of school in the state and across the country. Changes to breakfast and lunch menus within districts

Literature Review - 953 Words

Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and rating of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females was published in 2015. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, this kind of study has not been done before and hypothesized that the HIIT would produce a more improvement in leptin levels, cardiorespiratory fitness and the participant’s rate of perceived exertion (RPE) after a HIIT workout. Their methods and procedures were similar to other studies completed. The authors recruited forty-seven obese but otherwise healthy young women with a relatively similar body mass index (BMI), age and body fat level. The researchers separated the†¦show more content†¦In comparing the two workout groups, they both had a positive effect in almost every area tested, with the HIIT group having a more significant result in every area except blood leptin and maximal oxygen uptake. See chart below. ( Racil, Coquart, Elmontassar, Haddad, Goebel, Chaouachi, Chamari, 2016) Study Four A group of researchers from the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Conducted a study called Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Strength Training on Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Hormonal Outcomes in Woman with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study. To the Authors knowledge such as study had not been completed. Exercise and lifestyle changes are suggested for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, but little is known about the best exercise mode, intensity and frequency for this syndrome, so they ran a ten-week randomized study to get some answers. Polycystic ovary syndrome, is a metabolic disorder, ordinarily found in women of child-bearing age, and is commonly associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia and are grouped similar to the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is the leading cause of infertility These women also have a higher prevalence of central adiposity and a higher risk of CVD. The study group was a relatively small population sample size and consisted of thirty-one women who hadShow MoreRelatedEssay Literature Review1001 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The purpose of this research project is for you to create a scholarly piece of graduate-level research and writing, which conforms to APA format. Competency in the APA format is required of all Business graduates of Liberty University, as set forth by policy of both the Graduate Faculty and the administration. You will research and write a literature review on a topic relevant to our course. What is a Literature Review? â€Å"A literature review discusses published informationRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emergingRead MoreImportance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews1615 Words   |  7 PagesImportance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. 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What isRead MoreA Literature Review : The Walden University Library Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesA literature review is an interpretation of arrays of circulating articles written by the scholar-authors’ of researchers related to several topics. A literature search for evidence-based research can be overpowering. The Walden University library illuminates on the superlative quality of evidence-based research and which databases to utilize with research searches. Filtered resources are the superlative quality of studies related to evidence-based practice and encompasses systemic reviews, criticallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Telemedicine On Health, A Systematic Literature Review1530 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction To evaluate and study the impact of telemedicine in health, a systematic literature review was conducted. An electronic research through the University of Maryland library was done the articles selected dated from 2000 to 2014. 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The citations are alphabetically put in order and the citation itself is shown byRead MoreReview Of Formative Fictions : Imaginative Literature And The Training Of The Capacities `` Essay2185 Words   |  9 PagesNayiri Khatchadourian HNRS 63W Prof. Bruce Stone 6 June 2017 The Consequence of Reading Fiction In his essay †Formative Fictions: Imaginative Literature and the Training of the Capacities†, Joshua Landy, professor at Stanford University, aims to explain the function of fiction and the reward of our engagement with literary works. Landy highlights three theories of the function of fiction: the exemplary branch, which invites the reader to consider characters as models for emulation or avoidance,Read MoreReview Of Literature Review On Literature Essay2370 Words   |  10 PagesChapter - 4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Literature survey is undertaken to study and analyze the finding of other researcher in their studies that are related to the subject under consideration. A research literature review, as a process, is a systematic, explicit, and reproducible method for identifying, evaluating and synthesizing the existing body of completed and recorded work produced by researchers, scholars and practitioners (Fink, 2010). As a noun, literature review is an organizedRead MoreLiterature Review793 Words   |  4 PagesU02a1 Building Your Literature Review Plan: Part One - Sheila Darden The plan to collect and organize literature that explains the history of retention starts with the collections of scholarly, peer reviewed articles that provide insight to the history of retention. The literature will be organized alphabetically at first then to gain a better insight into the history of retention the collections of scholarly, peer review articles will be organized according to the date they were published. The

Cell Phones School Students

Question: Should school ban the use of cell phones by students during school hours? Answer: Introduction I think the school should not ban the use of the cell phones by the students during school hours. The cell phone are excellent learning resources especially when one uses the tools in them such as a calculator, or stopwatch for science class(Obringer Coffey, 2007). Additionally, they encourage the responsible use of the technology such as the student could learn to make the choices and accept the consequences. Furth more, the students can stay connected with the family and friends. To start with the cell phones especially the use of the smartphones could be learning resource in the class(Tindell Bohlander, 2012). The students could use tools such as calculator, stopwatch, and calendar. An example one, the science teacher, could let the students use their phones for research and when undertaking group assignment or when they are working on a project. The cell phone encourages on the liable utilization of the technology. The learners might discover when and in the use of on the cell phones in boosting their learning(Rau, Gao Wu , 2008). These people might turn out to be impartial in their work even more motivated to study. The cell phone could be misleading in case the student texts their friends and family in class when they should be paying attention to the teacher(Sharples, Arnedillo-Sanchez, Milrad Vavoula, 2009). However, they are good since they have been found to facilitate the students in being connected to the friends and family. A student might call home and request a member of the family to get them an assignment in case they have got forgotten, or lunch money also to go to pick them up in the event they are unwell. Conclusion I think the school should not ban the use of the cell phones by students during school hours. Individuals who confound the usage of the cell phone in school hours get it done due to the interruption they cause. Nevertheless, they need to acknowledge that we stay in a world of technology and mobile have played a significant part in the world. References Obringer, S. J., Coffey, K. (2007). Cell phone in American High Schools: A national Survey. Journal of Technology Studies, 33(1), 41-47. Rau, P. l. P., Gao, Q., Wu, L. M. (2008). Using mobile communication technology in high school education: Motivation, pressure, and learning performance. Computers Education, 50(1), 1-22. Sharples, M., Arnedillo-Sanchez, I., Milrad, M., Vavoula, G. (2009). Mobile learning. In Technology-enhanced learning (pp. 233-249). Springer Netherlands. Tindell, D. R, Bohlander, R. W. (2012). The use and abuse of cell phones and text messaging in the classroom: A survey of college students. College Teaching, 60(1), 1-9.

Measure 91 Essays - Income Tax, Taxation, Oregon, Tax,

Measure 91 Is Measure 91 good for Oregonians? No! While many people agree with the principle of Measure 91, which would stop Oregonians from paying taxes on the money that is paid as federal tax, the financial impact of the measure and the uncertainty of its intended effects could make this measure financial devastating to the people it intends to help. In order to be able to make an informed decisions on the measure, it is important that we, first, discover what the measure proposes to do, second, determine who the measure will benefit, and finally, what effect the measure will have on the lives of Oregonians. So what does this measure propose to do? Under the current law, personal income tax payers may deduct up to $3,000 paid in federal income taxes from their state tax liability and corporations paying Oregon income tax get no deduction. However, if this measure were to pass, it would allow for full deduction of all federal income taxes paid by both individuals and corporations towards their Oregon income tax returns. Who benefits from this measure? According to research done by the Oregonian, a family who makes $46,000 would actually end up paying $159 more money in taxes. However, a family that makes $100,000 would see a savings of $849 and a family making $250,000 would save over $4,700. So in effect, this measure will only help the rich, but also hurt the poor and middle class by actually making them pay more taxes. Now that we know what the measure would do if passed, what affects would it actually have on Oregonians? According to the Oregon Legislative Fiscal Office , Measure 91, if passed would cut nearly $1 billion, or 25 percent, out of Oregons 1999-2001 biennium budget and more than $1.66 billion, or 15 percent, from the 2001-2003 general fund. So, where does this money come from? $32.4 million from community colleges and $56.7 million from Oregons Universities, which will cause tuition increases of 50-100%, larger classes, and fewer classes being offered. It will also cut $57.8 million from Corrections which would led to 1,987 corrections officers being fired, or 4,900 inmates being released, but this causes a bigger problem, under Measure 11, neither of these two can happen, so that money will have to come from another source. Oregon State Police would see a $12.6 million dollar cut, which would eliminate 350 of the 720 officers on the force. Services to the elderly, disabled, and those covered by the Oregon Health Plan, would be cut by over $143 million dollars which would eliminate almost of the programs for these people. Finally, the biggest cut, nearly $767.3 million, would be cut from State Employees. This would mean that the state would have to cut 100 percent of all of the state funded positions for nine months to accommodate the reduction before the end of the 1999-2001 biennium budget . Measure 91, in principle, is a great idea. No one should ever be forced to pay taxes twice on the same amount of money. After all, part of the reason that we fought for our independence from England was to stop double taxation. However, the way in which the measure is written is far too drastic. What is the point of lowering taxes just to have all of the services that we rely on reduced to almost nothing. So who is really going to benefit from this measure? According to the statistics, no one. For those who are poor or middle class, there would be tax increases and reductions in all state services. For the rich, they will see some savings, but will also be hurt by the reduction in state funding. Even big corporation are worried about the big picture if this measure were to pass. Paul Phillips, a spokesman for Nike said, If a lose of $1 billion a year in tax revenue forces big reductions in state programs, particularly education, it would seriously hurt the ability of companies to attract and keep high-quality workers. What can you do? Vote NO in the November 7th election, and then make sure everyone that you know will vote NO on Measure 91. This measure is bad for